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Kostroma

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Overview

Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́, IPA: [kəstrɐˈma]) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. In the 2021 census, the population is 267,481.

Facts

Rank

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Coordinates

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Source

WBP almanac

External sources

Wikivoyage Wikipedia

Media

From Wikipedia1,452 words

Introduction

City in Kostroma Oblast, Russia For other uses, see Kostroma (disambiguation). City in Kostroma Oblast, RussiaKostroma КостромаCityFire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-1828) FlagCoat of armsInteractive map of KostromaKostromaLocation of KostromaShow map of Kostroma OblastKostromaKostroma (Russia)Show map of RussiaKostromaKostroma (European Russia)Show map of European RussiaKostromaKostroma (Europe)Show map of EuropeCoordinates: 57°46′05″N 40°55′37″E / 57.76806°N 40.92694°E / 57.76806; 40.92694CountryRussiaFederal subjectKostroma OblastFounded1152Government • HeadYuri ZhurinElevation110 m (360 ft)Population (2010 Census) • Total268,742 • Estimate (2025)264,952 (−1.4%) • Rank69th in 2010Administrative status • Subordinated tocity of oblast significance of Kostroma • Capital ofKostroma Oblast, Kostromskoy DistrictMunicipal status • Urban okrugKostroma Urban Okrug • Capital ofKostroma Urban Okrug, Kostromskoy Municipal DistrictTime zoneUTC+3 (MSK )Postal code156XXXDialing code+7 4942OKTMO ID34701000001Websitegrad.kostroma.gov.ru Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́, IPA: [kəstrɐˈma]) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. In the 2021 census, the population is 267,481.

More in cities0

[edit] Under the Rurikids[edit] The official founding year of the city is 1152 by Yury Dolgoruky. Since many scholars believe that early Eastern Slavs tribes arrived in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine and western Russia AD 400 to 600, Kostroma could be much older than previously thought. The city has the same name as the East Slavic goddess Kostroma. Like other towns of the Eastern Rus, Kostroma was sacked by the Mongols in 1238. It then constituted a small principality, under leadership of Prince Vasily of Kostroma, a younger brother of the famous Alexander Nevsky. Upon inheriting the grand ducal title in 1271, Vasily didn't leave the town for Vladimir, and his descendants ruled Kostroma for another half a century, until the town was bought by Ivan I of Moscow.[citation needed] Ipatievsky Monastery, 2009 As one of the northernmost towns of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Kostroma served for grand dukes as a place of retreat when enemies besieged Moscow in 1382, 1408, and 1433. In 1375, the town was looted by Novgorod pirates (ushkuiniks). The spectacular growth[quantify] of the city in the 16th century may be attributed to the establishment of trade connections with English and Dutch merchants (Muscovy Company) through the northern port of Archangel. Boris Godunov had the Ipatiev and Epiphany monasteries rebuilt in stone. The construction works were finished just in time for the city to witness some of the most dramatic events of the Time of Troubles.[citation needed] The heroic peasant Ivan Susanin became a symbol of the city's resistance to foreign invaders;[dubious – discuss] several monuments to him may be seen in Kostroma. The future Tsar, Mikhail Romanov, also lived at the monastery. It was here that an embassy from Moscow offered him the Russian crown in 1612.[citation needed] Under the Romanovs[edit] A wooden house of Mikhail Romanov is still preserved in the monastery. There are also several old wooden structures transported to the monastery walls from distant districts of the Kostroma Oblast. Kostroma River, 2011 Plan of Kostroma, 1907 In 1773, Kostroma was devastated by a great fire. Afterwards the city was rebuilt with streets radiating from a single focal point near the river. They[who?] say that Catherine the Great dropped her fan on the city map, and told the architects to follow her design. One of the best preserved examples of the 18th century town planning, Kostroma retains some elegant structures in a "provincial neoclassical" style. These include a governor's palace, a fire tower, a rotunda on the Volga embankment, and an arcaded central market with a merchant church in the center.[citation needed] During and after the Russian Revolution[edit] The First Workers' Socialist Club based in Kostroma was one of the best documented workers' clubs run by Proletkult. Organised around the principle of a "public hearth" (obshchestvennyi ochag) this club combined both practical support for workers in need of accommodation, food or furniture, as well as providing a focus for popular education. Nuclear power referendum[edit] The Nuclear Power Referendum was arranged in 1990 in the Kostroma area. 90% of the voting population were against nuclear power in the area. A Kostroma Nuclear Power Plant has been proposed.

Geography

[edit] The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Climate[edit] Kostroma has a continental climate (Köppen Dfb). It has long, very cold winters and short warm summers. Climate data for Kostroma (1991–2020, extremes 1842–present) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 6.6(43.9) 7.2(45.0) 17.9(64.2) 27.6(81.7) 32.5(90.5) 34.5(94.1) 37.1(98.8) 37.3(99.1) 30.2(86.4) 22.9(73.2) 13.8(56.8) 9.4(48.9) 37.3(99.1) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −5.9(21.4) −4.8(23.4) 1.0(33.8) 10.2(50.4) 18.2(64.8) 21.7(71.1) 24.2(75.6) 21.7(71.1) 15.6(60.1) 7.7(45.9) 0.0(32.0) −4.0(24.8) 8.8(47.9) Daily mean °C (°F) −8.8(16.2) −8.2(17.2) −2.8(27.0) 5.0(41.0) 12.3(54.1) 16.1(61.0) 18.6(65.5) 16.3(61.3) 10.9(51.6) 4.4(39.9) −2.3(27.9) −6.6(20.1) 4.6(40.2) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −11.8(10.8) −11.3(11.7) −6.3(20.7) 0.8(33.4) 7.1(44.8) 11.1(52.0) 13.7(56.7) 11.7(53.1) 7.2(45.0) 1.8(35.2) −4.4(24.1) −9.1(15.6) 0.9(33.6) Record low °C (°F) −46.4(−51.5) −39.3(−38.7) −31.1(−24.0) −19.0(−2.2) −5.5(22.1) −2.7(27.1) 3.2(37.8) 1.3(34.3) −5.8(21.6) −21.1(−6.0) −28.8(−19.8) −44.4(−47.9) −46.4(−51.5) Average precipitation mm (inches) 41(1.6) 29(1.1) 31(1.2) 35(1.4) 53(2.1) 74(2.9) 73(2.9) 73(2.9) 56(2.2) 64(2.5) 49(1.9) 40(1.6) 618(24.3) Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 35(14) 44(17) 43(17) 10(3.9) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0.4) 5(2.0) 18(7.1) 44(17) Average rainy days 6 5 8 14 16 17 16 17 18 18 11 8 154 Average snowy days 28 24 18 8 1 0.1 0 0 1 7 20 27 134 Average relative humidity (%) 87 83 77 68 64 72 74 78 82 86 88 88 79 Mean monthly sunshine hours 35.1 68.7 136.9 193.0 257.1 278.6 284.3 232.4 136.5 67.6 29.7 22.2 1,742.1 Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net Source 2: NOAA Historical populationYearPop.±%189741,336—    192672,317+74.9%1939121,325+67.8%1959171,720+41.5%1970223,042+29.9%1979254,725+14.2%1989278,414+9.3%2002278,750+0.1%2010268,742−3.6%2021267,481−0.5%Source: Census data

Sights and landmarks

[edit] Ipatiev Monastery gives its name to the Hypatian Codex of the Russian Primary Chronicle. Photo by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, 1911 The Resurrection Church (1652) is an example of 17th-century Russian art. Color photograph by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky in 1910 (Library of Congress) Built in 1559–1565, the five-domed Epiphany Cathedral was the first stone edifice in the city; its medieval frescoes perished during a fire several years ago. The minster houses the city's most precious relic, a 10th-century Byzantine icon called Our Lady of St. Theodore. It was with this icon that Mikhail Romanov was blessed by his mother when he left for Moscow to claim the Russian throne. They[who?] say that just before the Revolution of 1917, the icon blackened so badly that the image was hardly visible; it was interpreted as a bad sign for the Romanov dynasty. The Ipatyevsky monastery survives mostly intact, with its 16th-century walls, towers, belfry, and the 17th-century cathedral. Apart from the monasteries, most of the city churches were either rebuilt or demolished during the Soviet years. The only city church that survives from the 17th-century "golden age" is the Resurrection church on the Lowlands (Russian: церковь Воскресения на Дебре). As the story goes, the church was commissioned by one merchant who ordered in England ten barrels of dye but received ten barrels of gold instead. He resolved that the unearned gold was the devil's gift and decided to spend it on building a church. Two other 17th-century temples, of rather conventional architecture, may be seen on the opposite side of the Volga. Among the vestiges of the Godunov rule, a fine tent-like church in the urban-type settlement of Krasnoye-na-Volge (formerly an estate of Boris Godunov's brother) may be recommended.

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit] See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia Kostroma is twinned with: Aachen, Germany Babruysk, Belarus Bari, Italy Bat Yam, Israel Berane, Montenegro Cetinje, Montenegro Ceadîr-Lunga, Moldavia Danilov, Russia Dole, France Hyvinkää, Finland Ijevan, Armenia Ochamchire, Georgia Oral, Kazakhstan Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland Samokov, Bulgaria Sanmenxia, China Soroca, Moldavia Vrbas, Serbia Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Both Durham, England’s and Durham, North Carolina’s councils revoked the twinning arrangements with Kostroma, which had been in place since 1968.