Köthen

[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Owing to the fertile soil of the region, the area of Köthen is unusually rich in archaeological discoveries. The earliest signs of human habitation date from the early Stone Age about 250,000 years ago and evidence of every succeeding historical period may be found in the collections of the local Prehistorical Museum. The first documentary mention of "Cothene" dates to 1115; by 1194 it was already known as a market town, becoming a seat of the princes of Anhalt. Köthen was chartered in 1200. For over two centuries (1603–1847) it was the capital of the independent principality (from 1806, duchy) of Anhalt-Köthen. Map of Köthen (c. 1770) The town has long been known to classical music enthusiasts as the place of origin of Johann Sebastian Bach's best-known secular works, including the Brandenburg concertos and the Well-Tempered Clavier. Bach worked in Köthen from 1717 to 1723 as Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold von Anhalt-Köthen. It is also the birthplace of the composer Carl Friedrich Abel who, together with Johann Christian Bach, founded the popular "Bach-Abel Concerts" in London, the first subscription concerts in England. Schloss Köthen has been fully restored except for a small side wing bombed in 1944. Its Hall of Mirrors where Bach's music is now often performed is a popular attraction. It can be seen on DVD in the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra's recording of the Brandenburg concertos. Since 1967 a bi-annual Bach Festival has been held at Köthen, in the various halls of the palace as well as the local churches. Another concert hall was opened in 2008 in the palace complex. Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homoeopathy, practised in Köthen from 1821 to 1834, and during this period he published many of his best-known works. In 1855 his disciple Arthur Lutze opened a palatial homoeopathic clinic. Hahnemann's home is now open to tourists, and includes an actual working homoeopathic practice. The city has become the national center of homeopathy, location of congresses, and the seat of the new European Homeopathic Library. In 2013, the international homoeopathic medical society, Liga Medicorum Homoeopathica Internationalis, relocated its main operations to Köthen, so the city now is kind of a "world's capital of homoeopathy". The pioneering ornithologist Johann Friedrich Naumann was born near Köthen and was employed at the ducal court for more than two decades (c. 1810-1835). His well-renowned collection of almost 1300 specimens and drawings of European birds is now the main part of an ornithological museum that is also situated in the palace.

[edit] Location[edit] Köthen located to the south of Magdeburg, north of Halle, west of Dessau and east of Bernburg (Saale). In the north of the Anhalt-Bitterfeld district begins the Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve. The Ziethe flows through the north part of the town. Divisions[edit] The town Köthen consists of Köthen proper and the following Ortschaften or municipal divisions: Arensdorf Baasdorf Dohndorf Löbnitz an der Linde Merzien Wülknitz Arensdorf, Baasdorf, Dohndorf, Löbnitz an der Linde and Wülknitz were independent municipalities until they were incorporated by Köthen in January 2004. Merzien became part of Köthen in August 1994.

[edit] St. Jakob Church (~1400), with baptismal font designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen; crypt with sarcophagi of the reigning princes; organ by Friedrich Ladegast (1872); the towers were added in the late 19th century; site where the funerary services were held for prince Leopold on 23 and 24 March 1729 at which Johann Sebastian Bach performed his Cantata Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a. St. Agnus Church (~1699), where Johann Sebastian Bach worshipped. "Last Supper" by Lucas Cranach the Younger (1565); donor portrait by Antoine Pesne (1713); organ by Wilhelm Rühlmann Catholic St. Mary Church (~1830), built by Gottfried Bandhauer, it is one of the most prominent sacral buildings of the 19th century in northern Germany; organ by Anton Feith (1872–1929); crypt with the sarcophagus of the last reigning duke of Anhalt-Köthen Schloss Köthen, palace of the reigning princes (the main structure was built 1597–1660, with additions in the 18th century), now a museum — features a Versailles-style Hall of Mirrors (1722), the music school and the former ducal chapel as well as the actual rooms where much of J. S. Bach's secular music was first performed. Naumann Museum of ornithology and Prehistorical Museum, situated in different wings of the palace. Zoo (Tierpark Köthen) and city parks Historical Museum for city and district. City hall, the main part of which was built in the early 20th century remnants of the medieval city wall with two prominent towers at the former gates to Halle and Magdeburg, respectively Bach House, now a seniors residence Homes of Eichendorff and Hahnemann Monuments to prince Ludwig I, J.S. Bach, Hahnemann, Naumann, Angelika Hartmann, Fritz Weineck, and Yuri Gagarin. Market square with Church of St. Jakob and Townhall Boulevard The southern wing of the palace (Ludwigsbau). It holds the Hall of Mirrors and the chapel Palace from the air Monument of J.S. Bach in front of his home from 1719 to 1723 The tower guarding the southern gate (to Halle) was built in the 15th century and renovated in 1995. St. Agnus church

[edit] Carl Friedrich Abel by Thomas Gainsborough, 1777 Prince Leopold by an unknown painter, c. 1725 Wolfgang (1492–1566), prince of Anhalt-Köthen, Protestant reformer of the principalities of Anhalt Nicolaus Gallus (1516–1570), Protestant reformer Ludwig I (1579–1650), prince of Anhalt-Köthen, co-founder of the Fruitbearing Society Johann Friedrich Schweitzer (1625–1709), physician Gisela Agnes (1669–1740), princess consort of Anhalt-Köthen, regent in lieu of her son Leopold, 1704–1715 Leopold (1694–1728), prince of Anhalt-Köthen, employer of J.S. Bach Carl Friedrich Abel (1723–1787), composer Leberecht Uhlich (1799–1872), theologian Hans Hermann Behr (1818–1904), physician and entomologist Julius Naue (1835–1907), painter and archeologist Eduard von Rindfleisch (1836–1908), pathologist August Klughardt (1847–1902), composer and conductor Georg Krause (1849–1927), founder of the influential journal of chemical science, Chemiker-Zeitung Werner Haase (1900–1950), Hitler's personal physician Walter Rauff (1906–1984), NSDAP-politician and participant of the Nazi eugenics crimes Theo Fitzau (1923–1982), racing driver Manfred Wekwerth (1929–2014), stage and film director Gerhard Thielcke (1931–2007), ornithologist Michael Naumann (born 1941), journalist, German federal Secretary of culture (1998–2001) Roland Brückner (born 1955), gymnast Franziska Hildebrand (born 1987), biathlete

[edit] See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany A mural depicting the twin towns Köthen is twinned with: Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland (1993) Wattrelos, France (1990) Köthen also has friendly relations with: Langenfeld, Germany (1990) Lüneburg, Germany (1990)