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Jiaozuo

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Overview

Jiaozuo (Chinese: 焦作; pinyin: Jiāozuò [tɕjáʊ.tswô]; postal: Tsiaotso) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. Jiaozuo is one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and a regional central city along the Shanxi–Henan border area. Its population was 3,590,700 as of the 2018 estimate whom 1,424,500 lived in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts (Jiefang, Shanyang, Zhongzhan and Macun) and Bo'ai County largely being urbanized.

Facts

Rank

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Coordinates

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Source

WBP almanac

External sources

Wikivoyage Wikipedia

Media

From Wikipedia2,425 words

Introduction

Prefecture-level city in Henan, People's Republic of ChinaJiaozuo 焦作市TsiaotsoPrefecture-level cityJiaozuo railway stationJinjiang King16Central Line of South–North Water TransferMinzhu Nanlu bus stopWangfujing Department StoreJiaozuo in HenanJiaozuoLocation on the North China PlainShow map of Northern ChinaJiaozuoJiaozuo (China)Show map of ChinaCoordinates (Jiaozuo municipal government): 35°12′57″N 113°14′31″E / 35.2157°N 113.2419°E / 35.2157; 113.2419CountryPeople's Republic of ChinaProvinceHenanMunicipal seatJiefang DistrictArea • Prefecture-level city4,000.9 km2 (1,544.8 sq mi) • Urban413.8 km2 (159.8 sq mi) • Metro896.3 km2 (346.1 sq mi)Elevation139 m (456 ft)Population (2018 estimation) • Prefecture-level city3,590,700 • Density897.47/km2 (2,324.4/sq mi) • Urban1,044,400 • Urban density2,524/km2 (6,537/sq mi) • Metro1,424,500 • Metro density1,589/km2 (4,116/sq mi)GDP • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 209.5 billionUS$ 31.5 billion • Per capitaCN¥ 59,183US$ 8,910Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)Postal code454000Area code0391ISO 3166 codeCN-HA-08Major NationalitiesHan, HuiCounty-level divisions10Township-level divisions116License plate prefixes豫HWebsitelink Jiaozuo (Chinese: 焦作; pinyin: Jiāozuò [tɕjáʊ.tswô]; postal: Tsiaotso) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. Jiaozuo is one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and a regional central city along the Shanxi–Henan border area. Its population was 3,590,700 as of the 2018 estimate whom 1,424,500 lived in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts (Jiefang, Shanyang, Zhongzhan and Macun) and Bo'ai County largely being urbanized.

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History

[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ancient History[edit] In the Jiaozuo Administrative Region, human tribes existed as early as the matriarchal commune period, more than 8,000 years ago. The Xia dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Jizhou and was called Qinhuai Land. "Yu Gong" divides the world into nine states belonging to Jizhou. The Shang dynasty and the Western Zhou dynasty belonged to the interior of Ji. According to the "Hanshu Geography", after the Zhou dynasty destroyed the Shang dynasty, it belonged to the three kingdoms of Yong, Xin and Wen. The Eastern Zhou dynasty belonged to the Nanyang territory of Jin, and the Warring States period belonged to the two kingdoms of Wei and Wei. From the Qin dynasty to Sanchuan County, it belonged to Hanoi County from the Han dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. The Jin dynasty was divided into Hanoi County, Ji County, and Xingyang County in Sizhou; the Southern and Northern Dynasties were divided into Hanoi County and Xingyang County; the Later Wei dynasty was divided into Hanoi County, Wude County, Sizhou Ji County, Xingyang County, and Donghengnong County in Huaizhou (Eastern Wei, formerly Wu, Yangwu County belongs to Guangwu County of Northern Yuzhou); Northern Qi dynasty belongs to Ji County of Sizhou. In the Sui dynasty, it belonged to Hanoi County, Ji County, and Xingyang County; in the Tang dynasty, it belonged to Huaizhou and Hanoi County of Hebei Province, Heyang Sancheng Shimengzhou (i.e. Mengzhou), Henan County of Henan Prefecture of Henan Province, and Xingyang County of Zhengzhou. In the Five Dynasties, it belonged to Huaizhou and Mengzhou; in the Song dynasty, it belonged to Huaizhou and Hanoi County on the West Road of Hebei Province; and to Jiyuan County (governing Mengzhou) on the Northwest Road of Beijing; in the Jin dynasty, it belonged to Huaizhou and Mengzhou on the South Road of Henan Province. The Yuan dynasty belongs to Huaiqing Road and Mengzhou, Yannan and Hebei Roads. In the Ming dynasty, it belonged to Huaiqing Mansion (governing Hanoi, today's Qinyang) and was under the jurisdiction of Henan Province (later changed to Henan Chief Envoy Department). The Qing dynasty belonged to Huaiqing Prefecture of Henan Province and included Hanoi County, Jiyuan County, Xiuwu County, Wuzhi County, Wen County, Meng County, Yuanwu County and Yangwu County. Modern History[edit] See also: Peking Syndicate In 1910, the Qing government established Jiaozuo Town in Xiuwu County. In 1912, the county-prefecture was abolished, and Hanoi County was changed to Huai Khanh Prefecture. In 1913 Fu Cun County was abolished, and Huaiqing Prefecture was renamed Qinyang County. The counties of the original Huaiqing Prefecture belonged to Henan Province, Henan Province. In 1914, it was changed to Hebei Road. In August 1927, the eastern part of Qinyang County was analyzed, and Boai County was established. In 1932, the counties of the former Huaiqing Prefecture were affiliated with the Office of the Fourth Administrative Inspectorate of Henan Province. On September 8, 1945, Jiaozuo was liberated, and Jiaozuo City was established. It was under the Eighth Special Administrative Office of Taihang District. In November, it was changed to the Fourth Special Administrative Office, which governed Jiaozuo and Wen County, Xiuwu, Wuzhi, Boai and other counties; in March 1948, The Fourth Taihang Office abolished Jiaozuo City and established Jiaozuo County. In May 1949, the Fourth Special Office of Taihang District was changed to the Xinxiang Special Office (stationed in Jiaozuo and moved to Xinxiang in March 1953), with jurisdiction over Jiaozuo and Xinxiang cities as well as Huojia, Huixian, Xinxiang, Xiuwu, Wuzhi, and Qinyang, Wen County, Boai and other 9 counties. In August of the same year, the Pingyuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the Provincial People's Government were established in Xinxiang; in September, the Pingyuan Provincial People's Government issued an order, regarding Jiyuan and other 15 counties. In the same month, Jiaozuo Mining Bureau was established; in October, Jiaozuo County was changed to Jiaozuo Mining Area. In November 1952, the organizational structure of Pingyuan Province was abolished, and the Jiaozuo mining area and counties such as Jiyuan, Qinyang, Wenxian, Mengxian, Xiuwu, Wuzhi, and Boai were placed under the Xinxiang Special Administration Bureau of Henan Province. On July 9, 1956, the State Council approved the Henan Provincial People's Committee's "Report on Converting the Jiaozuo Mining Area into a Provincial Municipality" decision: the Jiaozuo Mining Area was abolished, and Jiaozuo City was established, under the direct leadership of Henan Province. In December 1958, the State Council approved the entrustment of Jiaozuo City to the Xinxiang Special Administrative Office (District). In December 1959, Xiuwu County and Boai County were placed under Jiaozuo City. In August 1960, Xiuwu County, Boai County and Wen County were abolished, and their administrative areas were merged into Jiaozuo City and Qinyang County, respectively. In October 1961, Xiuwu County, Boai County, and Wen County were restored and placed under the Xinxiang Special Administrative Office. In January 1974, Jiaozuo City came under the dual leadership of Henan Province and Xinxiang Special Administrative Office. In March 1982, the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government decided to make Jiaozuo City a provincial municipality. In September 1983, Xiuwu County and Boai County were transferred to Jiaozuo City from the Xinxiang Special Administration Bureau. In January 1986, Jiyuan County, Qinyang County, Wen County, Meng County, and Wuzhi County were placed under Jiaozuo City. In August 1988, Jiyuan County was abolished, and Jiyuan City was established (it came under the province's jurisdiction in January 1997). In September 1989, Qinyang County was abolished, and Qinyang City was established. In May 1996, Meng County was abolished, and Mengzhou City was established. In March 2010, Jiaozuo New District was established (in March 2014, it was renamed Jiaozuo Urban-rural Integration Demonstration Zone); by the end of 2019, Jiaozuo City governs Qinyang City, Mengzhou City, Boai County, Wuzhi County, Xiu County There are 4 counties of Wu County and Wen County, 4 districts of Jiefang District, Shanyang District, Zhongzhan District, Macun District and Jiaozuo City Urban-rural Integration Demonstration Zone.

Geography

[edit] Jiaozuo is located adjacent to the Yellow River and is just south of the Taihang Mountain. In the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in the northern part of Jiaozuo, there are about 500 square miles of gravel slopes. The geology is hard and stable, and the strata have great endurance. It is also close to mines, water sources, traffic arteries and cities and towns. Climate[edit] Jiaozuo has a temperate semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with four distinct seasons; owing to the shielding influence of the Taihang Mountains, temperatures in the urban core of Jiaozuo are warmer than in Xinxiang and Zhengzhou. Winters are cool and relatively dry while summers are hot and often rainy. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 1.3 °C (34.3 °F) in January to 27.7 °C (81.9 °F) in July, with the annual mean temperature at 15.61 °C (60.1 °F). Extremes exist from −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F) to 43.6 °C (110.5 °F).[citation needed] Precipitation averages 552 mm (21.7 in) annually. Climate data for Jiaozuo, elevation 112 m (367 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 20.0(68.0) 25.4(77.7) 31.7(89.1) 37.0(98.6) 40.8(105.4) 43.5(110.3) 40.4(104.7) 39.0(102.2) 38.6(101.5) 35.9(96.6) 27.5(81.5) 24.6(76.3) 43.5(110.3) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.1(43.0) 10.3(50.5) 16.2(61.2) 22.9(73.2) 28.4(83.1) 32.9(91.2) 32.9(91.2) 31.4(88.5) 27.6(81.7) 22.1(71.8) 14.5(58.1) 8.2(46.8) 21.1(70.0) Daily mean °C (°F) 1.6(34.9) 5.2(41.4) 10.9(51.6) 17.3(63.1) 22.9(73.2) 27.3(81.1) 28.3(82.9) 27.0(80.6) 22.7(72.9) 16.9(62.4) 9.6(49.3) 3.6(38.5) 16.1(61.0) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.2(28.0) 1.0(33.8) 6.1(43.0) 12.1(53.8) 17.6(63.7) 22.1(71.8) 24.4(75.9) 23.3(73.9) 18.4(65.1) 12.3(54.1) 5.3(41.5) −0.2(31.6) 11.7(53.0) Record low °C (°F) −12.9(8.8) −17.8(0.0) −5.1(22.8) 0.3(32.5) 8.2(46.8) 13.4(56.1) 17.4(63.3) 13.9(57.0) 8.5(47.3) −0.8(30.6) −6.7(19.9) −10.8(12.6) −17.8(0.0) Average precipitation mm (inches) 8.5(0.33) 11.1(0.44) 18.4(0.72) 30.8(1.21) 49.1(1.93) 67.8(2.67) 140.8(5.54) 102.0(4.02) 63.1(2.48) 35.2(1.39) 25.8(1.02) 6.1(0.24) 558.7(21.99) Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 3.9 4.3 5.7 7.0 7.9 11.1 10.3 8.3 6.4 5.1 2.6 75.9 Average snowy days 4.2 3.1 1.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 2.3 11.9 Average relative humidity (%) 55 52 51 55 55 56 71 74 68 63 60 54 60 Mean monthly sunshine hours 117.5 131.9 176.2 205.3 225.8 204.1 178.0 179.6 157.7 160.2 142.3 131.0 2,009.6 Percentage possible sunshine 38 42 47 52 52 47 41 44 43 46 46 43 45 Source: China Meteorological Administration

Economy

[edit] Economy of Jiaozuo has undergone significant restructuring from resource extraction to diversified industries. Its modern development was based on the region's rich coal deposits. After a century of mining, Jiaozuo's coal resources became exhausted in the 2000s.. From the onset of coal mining until the early 1990s, the value-added of industries related to coal accounted for over 90% of Jiaozuo's industrial added value. Economic expansion based on the coal-mining industry has included a large thermal power station and basic chemical and synthetic rubber plants. The yields of soda ash and automotive tires produced by these industries account for a large portion of the total output produced in Henan. Other industries, such as the manufacture of machinery, textiles, and construction materials, have also been developed. The city has realized the transformation since 2008. The city has significantly increased the share of manufacturing⁩ industries in its added value while drastically reducing the proportion of coal mining and other extractive sectors. In 2019, the city's GDP reached 276.11 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0% over the previous year. Specifically, the value added of the primary industry was 14.98 billion yuan, up by 4.2%; The added value of the secondary industry was 148.02 billion yuan, up by 8.7%; The value added of the tertiary industry was 113.12 billion yuan, up by 7.5%. Per capita GDP was 76,827 yuan. The structure of the tertiary industry changed from 5.5:53.9:40.6 in the previous year to 5.4:53.6:41.0, and the proportion of tertiary industry increased by 0.4 percentage points over the previous year.Tourism has emerged as a significant economic sector, with Yuntai Mountain among the major attractions. Agriculture[edit] Jiaozuo is renowned for its high grain yield, which is the highest in Henan province, by itself already one of the largest grain producers of China. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs are important economic crops in Jiaozuo. Chinese yam, chrysanthemum, achyranthes, and rehmannia are collectively listed as "Four Great Huai Medicines".